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Archaeologists in Peru discovered the skull of a girl with a single eye, a condition known as cyclopia, dating back 1,600 years. This rare malformation results from a chromosomal anomaly and is linked to a developmental disorder called holoprosencephaly. The burial site, near the Nazca lines, contained two infants, one with a central eye socket and missing nasal bones. The study, published in PNAS, involved a collaboration of researchers from Peru, Germany, and the USA. Cyclopia is extremely rare, occurring in about one in 100,000 births, and is often fatal before or shortly after birth. The myth of Cyclops in Homer's "Odyssey" has been associated with such conditions for centuries.