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Nuclear reactors could transform lunar exploration by providing energy for bases and resource extraction, but radioactive contamination risks remain a concern. The U.S., Russia, and China are competing to develop lunar nuclear reactors, with NASA aiming for a reactor by 2030. These reactors will supply energy for extracting water ice from lunar craters, essential for future lunar bases. The U.S. plans to deploy a compact reactor producing 20 kilowatts, while Russia's lighter reactor will generate 10 kilowatts. Despite past experiences with nuclear reactors in space, safety and regulatory challenges persist. The geopolitical race for lunar resources intensifies amid military competition in space.